According to Euclid, we live in a 3-dimensional world, being able to pinpoint our position using three coordinates: x, y and z. Einstein saw this in a different light- 4 dimensions. According to his special theory of relativity "The four dimensional space-time continuum of the theory of relativity , in its most essential formal properties, shows a profound relationship to the Euclidian geometrical space. In order to give due prominence to this relationship, we must replace the usual time coordinate t by an imaginary magnitude by (√-1)* ct proportional to it." Just as space is fluctuary, time changes as well.
One feature that distinguishes time from space in how it is changed, is that motion changes time relatively. To illustrate that, imagine that an observer, person A, is on a stationary platform, and I have another person, person B, also on that platform, sitting in a spaceship. They are both experiencing, at that moment the same rate of time. Now the spaceship launches and it is accelerating. If he is traveling at 0.5c (half the speed of light) What feels like one day to person B, is 1.15 relative days for person A. As he gets closer to the speed of light, 0.99c, one day for person B is over a week back at the platform. Time goes up rapidly from there. at0.99999999999999c, for one day for person B, person A is long dead having almost 2000 years pass on his platform.
This data is all based upon the Lorentz factor, which is represented by the equation below, with:
t = time
v = velocity
c = constant, the speed of light
Rest Frame Time Elapsed per Day on Ship
v/c Days Years
0.0 1.00 0.003
0.1 1.01 0.003
0.2 1.02 0.003
0.3 1.05 0.003
0.4 1.09 0.003
0.5 1.15 0.003
0.6 1.25 0.003
0.7 1.40 0.004
0.8 1.67 0.005
0.9 2.29 0.006
0.95 3.20 0.009
0.97 4.11 0.011
0.99 7.09 0.019
0.995 10.01 0.027
0.999 22.37 0.061
0.9999 70.71 0.194
0.99999 223.61 0.613
0.999999 707.11 1.937
0.9999999 2236.07 6.126
0.99999999 7071.07 19.373
0.999999999 22360.68 61.262
0.9999999999 70710.68 193.728
0.99999999999 223606.79 612.621
0.999999999999 707114.60 1937.300
0.9999999999999 2235720.41 6125.261
0.99999999999999 7073895.38 19380.535
0.999999999999999 22369621.33 61286.634
Sincerely,
Space Cadet